What is the term for the ability of the eye to perceive colors?

The ability of the eye to perceive colors is known as Color Vision. This term refers specifically to the capability of the human visual system to discern different wavelengths of light, which is perceived as various colors. It involves the functioning of cone cells in the retina, which are sensitive to different segments of the light spectrum, thus allowing individuals to see and differentiate between colors such as red, green, blue, and the combinations thereof.

While Color Acuity relates to the sharpness or clarity of vision and how well one can perceive fine details, it does not directly address the perception of color itself. Color Depth typically refers to the number of bits used to represent the color of a single pixel, which is more relevant in the context of digital images rather than physiological perception. Color Perception, though it seems close, is a broader term and does not specifically denote the ability to perceive colors exclusively. Therefore, Color Vision is the most appropriate term for the concept being asked about.